E3-375: Add pre-commit job to pipeline

This MR is primarily intended to include running pre-commit as a first check before building, testing, and deploying. This enables use of ./.pre-commit-config.yaml files in e3 repositories.

This MR also renames all jobs/stages named *install* to *deploy*; this is because deploy seems more widely used in our other gitlab-CI setups, and that multiple definitions of stages can interfere. E.g. if we were to only include the existing CI template for pre-commit, our CI does not run (because stages are defined differently in the source file and in the include).